Ngenxa yokuthi izakhiwo ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali zezinto eziwuketshezi zihlukile, kunezidingo ezihlukene zokugcwalisa ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa.Izinto eziwuketshezi zigcwaliswa esitsheni sokupakisha ngedivayisi yokugcina uketshezi (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithangi lokugcina uketshezi), futhi izindlela ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziswa.
I-1) Ukugcwaliswa kwengcindezi evamile
Ukugcwaliswa kwengcindezi evamile ukuncika ngokuqondile esisindweni sakho sento egcwele uketshezi ukuze igeleze esitsheni sokupakisha ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya.Umshini ogcwalisa imikhiqizo ewuketshezi ezitsheni zokupakisha ngaphansi kwengcindezi yasemkhathini ubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokugcwalisa we-atmospheric.Inqubo yokugcwalisa i-atmospheric pressure filling imi kanje:
① Indawo ewuketshezi kanye ne-exhaust, okungukuthi, izinto eziwuketshezi zingena esitsheni futhi umoya osesitsheni uyaphuma ngesikhathi esifanayo;
② Misa ukudla okuwuketshezi, okungukuthi, lapho izinto eziwuketshezi esitsheni zihlangabezana nezidingo zobuningi, ukudla okuwuketshezi kuzoma ngokuzenzakalelayo;
③ Khipha uketshezi olusele, okungukuthi khipha uketshezi olusele epayipini lokukhipha umoya, okudingekayo kulezo zakhiwo ezikhipha umoya ongaphezulu wegumbi lomoya lamanzi.Ingcindezi yasemkhathini isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugcwalisa i-viscosity ephansi kanye nezinto eziwuketshezi ezingezona igesi, njengobisi, i-Baijiu, isoso yesoya, i-potion nokunye.
2) Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Isobaric
Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Isobaric kusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe egumbini lomoya eliphezulu lethangi lokugcina uketshezi ukuze kugcwale isitsha sokupakisha ukuze izingcindezi ezimbili zicishe zilingane, bese into egcwele uketshezi igelezela esitsheni ngesisindo sayo.Umshini wokugcwalisa usebenzisa indlela ye-isobaric ubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokugcwalisa isobaric '
Inqubo yobuchwepheshe yokugcwalisa isobaric imi kanje: ① ukwehla kwamandla emali isobaric;② I-liquid inlet negesi ukubuya;③ Misa ukudla okuwuketshezi;④ Dedela ingcindezi, okungukuthi, khulula igesi ecindezelwe eyinsalela ku-bottleneck ukuze ugweme inani elikhulu lamabhamuza elibangelwa ukuncishiswa kwengcindezi kungazelelwe ebhodleleni, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yokupakisha nokunemba komthamo.
Indlela ye-Isobaric iyasebenza ekugcwalisweni kweziphuzo ezifakwa umoya, njengobhiya nesoda, ukuze kwehliswe ukulahleka kwegesi (CO ν) equkethwe kuyo.
3) Ukugcwaliswa kwe-vacuum
Ukugcwaliswa kwe-vacuum kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesimo esiphansi kunokucindezela komkhathi.Inezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo: eyodwa iwuhlobo lwe-vacuum yokucindezela okuhlukile, okwenza ingaphakathi lethangi lokugcina uketshezi libe ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile, futhi iqeda ingaphakathi lesiqukathi sokupakisha ukuze yenze i-vacuum ethile.I-liquid material igeleza esitsheni sokupakisha futhi iqedele ukugcwaliswa ngokuthembela emehlukweni wengcindezi phakathi kweziqukathi ezimbili;enye i-gravity vacuum uhlobo, okwenza ithangi lokugcina uketshezi kanye namandla okupakisha Njengamanje, uhlobo lwe-vacuum yokucindezela okuhlukile luvame ukusetshenziswa e-China, olunesakhiwo esilula nokusebenza okuthembekile.
Inqubo yokugcwalisa i-vacuum imi kanje: ① thulula ibhodlela;② inlet kanye qeda;③ ukumisa uketshezi lokungena;④ i-reflux yoketshezi eyinsalela, okungukuthi, uketshezi olusele epayipini lokukhipha umoya lubuyela ethangini lokugcina uketshezi ngegumbi le-vacuum.
Indlela ye-vacuum ifanele ukugcwalisa izinto eziwuketshezi nge-viscosity ephakeme kancane (njengamafutha, isiraphu, njll.), izinto eziwuketshezi eziqukethe amavithamini (njengejusi yemifino, ijusi yezithelo, njll.) kanye nezinto ezinoketshezi ezinobuthi (njengezibulala-zinambuzane, njll. ) Le ndlela ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokugcwalisa, kodwa futhi inciphisa ukuthintana kanye nesenzo phakathi kwezinto eziwuketshezi kanye nomoya osele esitsheni, ngakho-ke kuvumelana nokwelula impilo yokugcina yeminye imikhiqizo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhawulela ukuphunyuka kwamagesi anobuthi noketshezi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zokusebenza.Kodwa-ke, akufanelekile ukugcwalisa iwayini eliqukethe ama-aromatics, ngoba kuzokwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwephunga lewayini.
4) Ukugcwalisa ingcindezi
Ukugcwalisa ingcindezi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwepiston ngosizo lwemishini ye-hydraulic engumshini noma yepneumatic, ukuncela izinto eziwuketshezi nge-viscosity ephezulu kusilinda se-piston kusuka kusilinda sokugcina, bese usicindezela ngenkani esitsheni ukuze sigcwaliswe.Le ndlela ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa iziphuzo ezibandayo njengeziphuzo ezibandayo.Ngenxa yokuthi ayiqukethe izinto ze-colloidal, ukwakheka kwegwebu kulula ukunyamalala, ngakho-ke kungathululela ngokuqondile amabhodlela angagcwalisiwe ngokuthembela emandleni ayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa kakhulu isivinini sokugcwalisa.I-5) I-Siphon yokugcwalisa i-siphon yokugcwalisa ukusebenzisa isimiso se-siphon ukwenza izinto eziwuketshezi zifakwe esitsheni kusukela ku-tank yokugcina uketshezi ngokusebenzisa ipayipi le-siphon kuze kube yilapho amazinga amabili e-liquid elingana.Le ndlela ifanele ukugcwalisa izinto eziwuketshezi nge-viscosity ephansi futhi akukho gesi.Inesakhiwo esilula kodwa isivinini sokugcwalisa esiphansi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-18-2021