I-Bioplastics
Kuye ngempahla, isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze i-bioplastics ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ingase ithathe isikhathi esihlukile futhi kufanele ihlanganiswe ezindaweni zokuthengisa zokwenza umquba, lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu okwenza umquba angafinyelelwa, futhi phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-90 neziyi-180.Iningi lezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezikhona zidinga ukuthi u-60% wezinto eziphilayo wehliswe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-180, kanye nezinye izindinganiso ezidinga ama-resin noma imikhiqizo ehlanganiswayo.Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokubola nokubolayo kanye nokuvundisayo, njengoba la magama evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana.
Ipulasitiki engaboli
Ipulasitiki ebolayo iwuhlobo lwepulasitiki oluzocekelwa phansi ama-microorganisms emvelo (njengamagciwane, isikhunta, njll.) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Qaphela ukuthi asikho isibopho sokushiya “izinsalela ezingenabo ubuthi”, noma isikhathi esidingekayo sokuwohloka kwemvelo.
Ukugaywa kabusha nakho kubalulekile endaweni ezungezile, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu sinekhasi lezikhwama zokugaywa kabusha elinolwazi oluthile oluthakazelisayo.
Ipulasitiki engaboli
Amapulasitiki awonakaliswayo ahlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zamapulasitiki awonakaliswayo, okuhlanganisa namapulasitiki abolayo futhi avundiswayo.Kodwa-ke, amapulasitiki angaboli noma angavundisi ngokuvamile asebenzisa ilebula “yepulasitiki eyonakalayo”.Imikhiqizo eminingi isebenzisa amalebula epulasitiki angaboli, azokwehla ngenxa yethonya elingokomzimba namakhemikhali.Umsebenzi webhayoloji awuyona ingxenye enkulu yokucekelwa phansi kwale mikhiqizo, noma inqubo ihamba kancane kakhulu ukuthi ingafakwa kusigaba njengengabola noma ivundiswe.
Izinhlobo zamapulasitiki awonakele
Isitashi esisekelwe
Eminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eyonakalayo yenziwa ngesitashi sombila.Lezi zinto ngokuyinhloko zidinga indawo esebenzayo yama-microbial ngaphambi kokuba ziwohloke, njengezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu noma umquba, ezinye zizocekelwa phansi ngokuphelele kule ndawo, kanti ezinye zizobhoboza kuphela, kuyilapho izingxenye zepulasitiki zingeke ziwohloke.Izinhlayiya zepulasitiki ezisele zingaba yingozi emhlabathini, ezinyonini nakwezinye izilwane zasendle nasezitshalweni.Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwezithako ezivuselelekayo kubonakala kukhanga ngokomthetho, azinikezi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa.
I-Aliphatic
Olunye uhlobo lwepulasitiki ewohlokayo lusebenzisa ama-aliphatic polyester abizayo.Ngokufanayo nesitashi, zincike ekusebenzeni kwe-microbial komquba noma izindawo zokulahla umhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba zonakaliswe.
I-Photodegradable
Zizokwehliswa isithunzi lapho zichayeke elangeni, kodwa ngeke ziwohloke ezindaweni zokulahla indle, indle, noma kwezinye izindawo ezimnyama.
I-oxygen e-biodegradable
Le mikhiqizo engenhla iwonakala ngenxa yenqubo yokuwohloka kwe-hydration, kodwa indlela ewusizo kakhulu neyongayo kubuchwepheshe obusha ukukhiqiza ipulasitiki, futhi ipulasitiki yonakaliswa yinqubo ye-OXO yokuwohloka.Ubuchwepheshe busekelwe ekusungulweni kwezithasiselo ezincane ezihlambalazayo (ngokuvamile i-3%) kwinqubo yokukhiqiza evamile, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule izakhiwo zepulasitiki.Akuncikile kuma-microorganisms ukudiliza amapulasitiki.Amapulasitiki aqala ukuwohloka ngokushesha ngemva kokukhiqiza futhi asheshise ukuwohloka lapho evezwe ukushisa, ukukhanya noma ukucindezela.Le nqubo ayibuyiseleki emuva futhi iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho izinto zehliselwa ku-carbon dioxide namanzi kuphela.Ngakho-ke, ngeke ishiye izingcezu ze-petroleum polymer emhlabathini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2021