Izimfihlo zezinye izihlahla ngokuvamile zakha izinhlaka.Kusukela ngo-1872, usokhemisi waseJalimane u-A. Bayer waqala ukuthola ukuthi i-phenol ne-formaldehyde zingakha ngokushesha izigaxa ezibomvu ngokunsundu noma izinto ezinamathelayo lapho kushisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-asidi, kodwa azikwazi ukuhlanzwa ngezindlela zakudala.futhi umise ukuhlolwa.Ngemuva kwekhulu lama-20, i-phenol ingatholakala ngobuningi betiyela lamalahle, kanti i-formaldehyde nayo ikhiqizwa ngobuningi njengesivimbeli, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo yokusabela yalaba ababili iyathandeka kakhulu, futhi kuthenjwa ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ewusizo, nakuba iningi. abantu basebenzise umsebenzi omningi ngakho., kodwa ayizange ifinyelele imiphumela elindelekile.
Ngo-1904, u-Beckland nabasizi bakhe nabo benza lolu cwaningo.Inhloso yokuqala kwakuwukwenza amapende avikelayo athatha indawo yezinsalela zemvelo.Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yokuzikhandla, ehlobo lika-1907, akwenziwanga nje kuphela amapende okuvikela akhiqizwayo, futhi akhiqiza izinto zangempela zepulasitiki zokwenziwa - i-Bakelite, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-bakelite", "i-bakelite" noma i-phenolic resin.Lapho i-Bakelite iphuma, ngokushesha abakhiqizi bathola ukuthi ayikwazi ukwenza kuphela imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokushisa kagesi, kodwa futhi yenza izidingo zansuku zonke.Ngiyamthanda u-T. Edison ngokwenza amarekhodi, futhi ngokushesha wamemezela ezikhangisweni ukuthi izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo zenziwe nge-Bakelite., Ngakho ukusungulwa kwe-Baekeland kwadunyiswa “njenge-alchemy” yekhulu lama-20.
Ngaphambi kuka-1940, i-phenolic resin enetiyela lamalahle njengezinhlayiyana zangempela zazihlala zikleliswe kuqala ekuphumeni kwezinsalela ezihlukahlukene zokwenziwa, ezifinyelela amathani angaphezu kuka-200,000 ngonyaka, kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-petrochemical, izinsalela ezenziwe nge-polymerized ezifana ne-polyethylene. ukukhishwa kwe-, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride ne-polystyrene nakho kuye kwaqhubeka ukwanda.Ngokusungulwa kwamafekthri amaningi amakhulu anomkhiqizo wonyaka wamathani angaphezu kuka-100,000 ale mikhiqizo, abe izinhlobo ezine zezinhlaka zokwenziwa ezinomkhiqizo omkhulu kakhulu namuhla.
Namuhla, ama-synthetic resins kanye nezithasiselo zingasetshenziswa ukuthola imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubumba.Kunenqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zamapulasitiki, futhi umkhiqizo wonyaka womhlaba ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-120.Ziye zaba izinto eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza, impilo kanye nokwakhiwa kokuvikela izwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-12-2022