Ngoba ipulasitiki inesisindo esilula, ukuqina okuhle, kulula ukwakha.Izinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, ngakho-ke embonini yesimanje kanye nemikhiqizo yansuku zonke, ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwamapulasitiki esikhundleni sengilazi, ikakhulukazi embonini yamathuluzi optical kanye nokupakisha, kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesidingo sokucaca okuhle, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, nokuqina okuhle komthelela, ukwakheka kwepulasitiki, inqubo yokubumba umjovo, imishini.Isikhunta, njll., kufanele ngenze umsebenzi omningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lezi pulasitiki (ngemuva kwalokhu ezibizwa ngokuthi ipulasitiki esobala) zisetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni sengilazi, ikhwalithi ephezulu yinhle, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa.
Amapulasitiki asobala avame ukusetshenziswa emakethe yi-polymethyl methacrylate (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-methacrylate noma ingilazi ye-organic, ikhodi ye-PMMA) kanye ne-polycarbonate (ikhodi PC).I-Polyethylene terephthalate(ikhodi PET), inayiloni esobala.AS(acrylene-styrene copolymer), polysulfone(igama lekhodi PSF), njll., esichayeka kakhulu ku-PMMA.Ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe se-PC kanye ne-PET amapulasitiki amathathu, okulandelayo kuthatha lawa mapulasitiki amathathu njengesibonelo ukuze kuxoxwe ngezici zamapulasitiki asobala kanye nezinqubo zokubumba umjovo.
Ukusebenza kwamapulasitiki asobala
Amapulasitiki asobala kufanele abe nokucaca okuphezulu kuqala, alandelwe yizinga elithile lamandla nokumelana nokugqoka, akwazi ukumelana nokushaqeka, izingxenye ezimelana nokushisa zinhle, ukumelana namakhemikhali kuhle kakhulu, futhi ukumuncwa kwamanzi kuncane.Kungale ndlela kuphela engasetshenziswa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubeka izinto obala.Ushintsho lwesikhathi eside.I-PC iyisinqumo esihle, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zezinto zayo ezingavuthiwe kanye nobunzima bokubumba umjovo, isasebenzisa i-PMMA njengenketho eyinhloko (yemikhiqizo evame ukudingeka), futhi i-PPT kufanele yelulwe ukuze ithole izakhiwo ezinhle zomshini. .Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kakhulu emaphaketheni nasezitsheni.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile okufanele ziqashelwe ngesikhathi sokujova amapulasitiki asobala
Ngenxa yokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya kwamapulastiki abonisa ngale, akunakugwemeka ukuthi ikhwalithi yangaphezulu yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kumele ibe qinile, futhi akumele kube nokumaka, i-stomata, nokuba mhlophe.I-Fog Halo, amabala amnyama, ukuguquguquka kombala, ukucwebezela okumpofu nokunye ukukhubazeka, ngakho-ke kuyo yonke inqubo yokubumba umjovo ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, okokusebenza.Isikhunta, ngisho nokwakheka kwemikhiqizo, kufanele kuqaphe kakhulu futhi kubeke phambili izidingo eziqinile noma ezikhethekile.
Okwesibili, ngenxa yokuthi amapulasitiki asobala anephuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye ne-liquidity empofu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga eliphezulu lomkhiqizo, ngokuvamile kudingekile ukwenza izinguquko ezincane emingceleni yenqubo efana nokushisa komgqomo, ingcindezi yomjovo, kanye nesivinini somjovo. ukuthi ipulasitiki ingagcwaliswa ngesikhunta.Ayikhiqizi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi futhi ibangele ukuguqulwa komkhiqizo nokuqhekeka.
Kuzidingo zemishini kanye nesikhunta, inqubo yokubumba umjovo kanye nokucutshungulwa kwempahla eluhlaza yomkhiqizo, ukudingida izindaba okufanele ziqashelwe:
Ukulungiswa nokomiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuba khona kwanoma yikuphi ukungcola epulasitiki kungathinta ukubonakala komkhiqizo, ngakho-ke ukugcinwa nokuhamba.
Ngesikhathi sokuphakelwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvala nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe zihlanzekile.Ikakhulukazi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziqukethe umswakama, okwenza ukuthi izinto eziluhlaza ziwohloke ngemva kokushisa.Ngakho-ke, kufanele yomiswe, futhi lapho ibumba, i-Hopper yokumisa kufanele isetshenziswe.Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi phakathi nenqubo yokomisa, okokufaka komoya kufanele kuhlungwe futhi kukhishwe umswakama ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngeke kungcolise izinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ukuhlanza amashubhu, izikulufu kanye nezinsiza
Ukuze uvimbele ukungcoliswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezindala noma ukungcola ku-screw and accessories depressions, i-resin ene-thermal stability ekhona ikakhulukazi ikhona.Ngakho-ke, ama-agent okuhlanza ama-screw asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izingcezu ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa nangemva kokuvala, ukuze anganamathele ekungcoleni., Uma kungekho i-ejenti yokuhlanza isikulufa, i-PE, i-PS kanye nezinye i-resin zingasetshenziswa ukuhlanza isikulufu.
Lapho ukuvalwa kwesikhashana, ukuze kuvinjwe impahla eluhlaza ukuthi ingahlali ekushiseni okuphezulu isikhathi eside futhi ibangele ukwehla, izinga lokushisa le-dryer kanye nomgqomo kufanele lincishiswe, njengokushisa kwe-PC, i-PMMA namanye amashubhu. kufanele kwehliswe ngaphansi kuka-160 ° C.(Izinga lokushisa le-Hopper kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-100 ° C ku-PC)
Izinkinga ekwakhiweni kwe-die (kufaka phakathi ukwakheka komkhiqizo).
Ukuze uvimbele ukubonakala kokugeleza okungekuhle emuva, noma ukupholisa okungalingani okuholela ekwakhekeni kwepulasitiki okungekuhle, okuholela ekulimaleni nasekuwohlokeni kwendawo.
Ngokuvamile ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta, kufanele sinake amaphuzu alandelayo:
Ugqinsi lwezindonga kufanele lufane ngangokunokwenzeka, umthambeka wokudilika kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele;
Ingxenye yenguquko kufanele ibe kancane kancane.Ukushintsha okushelelayo ukuvimbela amakhona acijile.Isizukulwane esicijile, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ye-PC akumele ibe nezikhala;
Isango.Ishaneli kufanele libe banzi futhi libe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi indawo yesango kufanele isethwe ngokuvumelana nenqubo yokunciphisa i-condensation.Uma kunesidingo, umthombo obandayo kufanele wengezwe;
Ingaphezulu lesikhunta kufanele libe bushelelezi futhi libe nobukhulu obuphansi (okungcono kube ngaphansi kuka-0.8);
Qeda.I-tank kufanele ibe yanele ukukhipha umoya negesi ekuncibilikeni ngesikhathi esifanele;
Ngaphandle kwe-PET, ukujiya kodonga akufanele kube mncane kakhulu, ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphansi kuka-lmm;
Izinkinga okufanele Ziqashelwe Enqubweni Yokujova (okuhlanganisa nezidingo zemishini yokubumba umjovo).
Ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi yangaphakathi kanye nokukhubazeka kwekhwalithi ephezulu, kufanele kuqashelwe izici ezilandelayo ohlelweni lomjovo:
Umshini wokubumba umjovo onesikulufu esikhethekile kanye nombhobho wokulawula izinga lokushisa ohlukile kufanele kukhethwe;
Izinga lokushisa lomjovo kufanele libe phezulu ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi i-resin yepulasitiki ayiboli;
Ingcindezi yomjovo: Ngokujwayelekile iphakeme, ukunqoba iphutha le-viscosity enkulu yokuncibilika, kodwa ukucindezela kuphezulu kakhulu kuzoveza ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okuholela ebunzimeni bokudiliza nokuguqulwa;
Isivinini somjovo: Endabeni yemodi yokugcwalisa eyanelisayo, ngokuvamile iphansi, mhlawumbe umjovo ohamba kancane-osheshayo-ohamba kancane wezigaba eziningi;
Isikhathi sokubamba ingcindezi nesikhathi sokwakheka: Esimeni sokugcwaliswa komkhiqizo okwanelisayo, akukho ukudangala noma amabhamuza akhiqizwayo;Kufanele kube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze unciphise isikhathi esichithwa ku-fuse;
Isivinini se-screw kanye nokucindezela emuva: ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokwanelisa ikhwalithi ye-plasticized, kufanele ibe phansi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukubola;
Izinga lokushisa lokufa: Ukupholisa komkhiqizo kuhle noma kubi, futhi kunomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi.Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lokufa kufanele likwazi ukulawula ngokunembile inqubo.Uma kungenzeka, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele libe phezulu.
Ezinye izici
Ukuze uvimbele ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi ephezulu yendawo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti wokudiliza kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka lapho kubumba;Lapho kusetshenziswa izinto ezingemuva akumele zibe ngaphezu kwama-20.
Ngemikhiqizo ngaphandle kwe-PET, ukucubungula kabusha kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, i-PMMA kufanele yome ku-70-80 ° C amahora angu-4;I-PC kufanele ibe semoyeni ohlanzekile, i-glycerin.Upharafini owuketshezi ushisiswe ku-110-135 °C, kuye ngomkhiqizo, futhi uthatha amahora afinyelela kwayi-10.I-PET kumele idlule kunqubo yokwelula enezindlela ezimbili ukuze ithole ukusebenza okuhle kwemishini.
III.Inqubo yokubumba yomjovo yamapulasitiki asobala
Izici zenqubo zamapulasitiki asobala
Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ezijwayelekile ezingenhla, amapulasitiki asobala nawo anezici ezithile zenqubo, ezichazwe ngezansi:
1. Izici zenqubo ye-PMMA
I-PMMA ine-viscosity enkulu kanye ne-liquidity empofu kancane.Ngakho-ke, kufanele ijovwe ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela komjovo ophezulu.Umthelela wokushisa komjovo mkhulu kunomfutho womjovo, kodwa umfutho womjovo uyakhuphuka, okusiza ekwenzeni ngcono izinga lokushwabana lomkhiqizo.
Izinga lokushisa lomjovo libanzi, izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo lingu-160 °C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokubola lingu-270 °C.Ngakho-ke, uhla lokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lubanzi futhi inqubo yinhle.Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngcono i-liquidity kungaqala ngezinga lokushisa lomjovo.Umthelela umpofu, ukumelana nokugqoka akukuhle, kulula ukusika izimbali, kulula ukuqhekeka, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhuphule izinga lokushisa lesikhunta, kuthuthukise inqubo ye-condensation, ukunqoba lezi zinkinga.
2. Izici zenqubo ye-PC
I-PC ine-viscosity enkulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuncibilika, nokungabi namanzi.Ngakho-ke, kufanele ibunjwe ekushiseni okuphezulu (phakathi kuka-270 no-320 °C).Ibanga lokulawula izinga lokushisa lincane futhi inqubo ayilungile njenge-PMMA.Ukucindezela komjovo kunomphumela omncane ku-fluidity, kodwa ngenxa ye-viscosity enkulu, kusadingeka ukujova ingcindezi.Ukuze uvimbele ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, isikhathi sokubamba kufanele sibe sifushane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izinga lokuncipha likhulu futhi ubukhulu buzinzile, kodwa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi komkhiqizo kukhulu futhi kulula ukuqhekeka.Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthuthukisa i-fluidity ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa kunokucindezela, nokunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa lesikhunta, ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sesikhunta kanye nokwelashwa kwangemva kokwelashwa.Uma ijubane lomjovo liphansi, amadiphu ajwayele ukugeleza nokunye ukukhubazeka.Ukushisa komlomo wemisebe kufanele kulawulwe ngokwehlukana, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele libe phezulu, futhi umzila wokugeleza nokumelana kwesango kufanele kube kuncane.
3. Izici zenqubo ye-PET
Izinga lokushisa lokubumba i-PET liphezulu, futhi uhla lokulawula izinga lokushisa lincane (260-300 °C), kodwa ngemva kokuncibilika, uketshezi luhle, ngakho-ke inqubo ayilungile, futhi idivayisi ye-anti-ductile ivame ukungezwa ku-nozzle. .Amandla omshini nokusebenza ngemva komjovo akuphakeme, kufanele kube ngenqubo yokushuba nokulungiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza.
Die control lokushisa kunembile, iwukuba ukuvimbela warping.Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukufa kwesiteshi esishisayo.Ukushisa kwesikhunta kufanele kube phezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobangela umehluko we-gloss ebusweni kanye nobunzima bokukhipha.
Amaphutha kanye nezixazululo zezingxenye zepulasitiki ezibonakalayo
Cishe kunamaphutha alandelayo:
Imigqa yesiliva
Ngenxa yethonya le-Anisotropy yokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa kanye nokufingqa, ukucindezeleka okukhiqizwa endaweni eqondile kubangela ukuthi i-resin igeleze ku-orientation, kuyilapho i-non-flow orientation ikhiqiza inkomba ehlukile ye-refractive futhi ikhiqiza imigqa ye-silk ekhanyayo.Uma ikhula, Ingabangela imifantu emkhiqizweni.Ngaphezu kwenqubo yomjovo kanye nokunakwa kwesikhunta, umkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu wokwelashwa kwe-annealing.Uma impahla ye-PC ingashiswa ngaphezu kwe-160 ° C imizuzu engu-3-5, ingapholiswa ngokwemvelo.
Ibhamuza
Igesi yamanzi kanye namanye amagesi atholakala ikakhulukazi kunhlaka ngeke akhishwe,(enqubweni ye-die condensation) noma ngenxa yokungagcwaliswa okwanele, indawo yokufingqa iyashesha kakhulu futhi iyajiya ukuze yakhe ibhamuza le-vacuum.
Isicwebezelisi esingesihle
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ubulukhuni besikhunta bukhulu, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufingqa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukwenza i-resin ingakwazi ukukopisha ubuso besikhunta.Konke lokhu kwenza ingaphezulu lesikhunta lingalingani kancane futhi libangele ukuthi umkhiqizo ulahlekelwe ukucwebezela.
Iphethini yokushaqeka
Kubhekiselwa kuma-ripples aminyene akhiwe ukusuka esangweni eliqondile.Isizathu siwukuthi ngenxa ye-viscosity eyeqile yokuncibilika, i-front end material ifinyelelwe emgodini, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi impahla yagqekeza le ndawo yokufingqa, okwenza ukuthi kuvele phezulu.
Inkungu emhlophe Halo
Ibangelwa ikakhulukazi uthuli oluwela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe emoyeni noma okuqukethwe kwempahla eluhlaza kukhulu kakhulu.
Intuthu emhlophe amabala amnyama
Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yepulasitiki emgqonyeni, ngenxa yokushisa kwendawo okubangelwa ukubola noma ukuwohloka kwe-resin yomgqomo futhi kwakhiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2020