Kulolu shicilelo, siqhubeka nokuqonda kwethu amapulasitiki ngokombono wamakhemikhali.
Izakhiwo zepulasitiki: Izakhiwo zepulasitiki zincike ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali ama-subunits, ukuthi lawo ma-subunit ahlelwa kanjani, kanye nendlela acutshungulwa ngayo.Wonke amapulasitiki angama-polymer, kodwa akuwona wonke ama-polymers angamapulasitiki.Ama-polymer epulasitiki akhiwe ngamaketanga amayunithi axhumene abizwa ngokuthi ama-monomers.Uma ama-monomers afanayo exhunywe, kwakhiwa i-homopolymer.Ama-monomer ahlukene axhunywe ukwenza ama-copolymers.Ama-homopolymers nama-copolymers angaba ngomugqa noma amagatsha.Ezinye izakhiwo zepulasitiki zihlanganisa: Ipulasitiki ngokuvamile iqinile.Kungaba okuqinile kwe-amorphous, okuqinile okuyikristalu noma okuqinile kwe-semi-crystalline (ama-microcrystals).Amapulastiki ngokuvamile awabambisi abampofu bokushisa nogesi.Iningi lingama-insulators anamandla aphezulu e-dielectric.Ama-polymer ayingilazi avame ukuba lukhuni (isb, i-polystyrene).Kodwa-ke, ama-flakes alawa ma-polymer angasetshenziswa njengamafilimu (isib. i-polyethylene).Cishe wonke amapulasitiki abonisa ubude lapho ecindezelwe futhi awalulami lapho ukucindezeleka kuncipha.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-creep".Ipulasitiki ivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside futhi yonakalise kancane kakhulu.
Amanye amaqiniso mayelana namapulasitiki: Ipulasitiki yokuqala eyakhiwe ngokugcwele kwakuyi-BAKELITE, eyakhiwe ngu-LEO BAEKELAND ngo-1907. Wabuye waqamba igama elithi "ipulasitiki".Igama elithi “ipulasitiki” livela kwelesiGreki elithi PLASTIKOS, okusho ukuthi lingabunjwa noma libunjwe.Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yepulasitiki ekhiqizwayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza ukupakisha.Enye ingxenye yesithathu isetshenziselwa ukuseceleni nokufaka amapayipi amanzi.Ipulasitiki ehlanzekile ngokuvamile ayincibiliki emanzini futhi ayinabo ubuthi.Kodwa-ke, izithasiselo eziningi kumapulasitiki zinobuthi futhi zingangena endaweni ezungezile.Izibonelo zezithasiselo ezinobuthi zifaka ama-phthalates.Ama-polymer angewona ubuthi nawo angawohloka abe amakhemikhali lapho eshiswa.
Ngemva kokufunda lokhu, ingabe uye wajulisa ukuqonda kwakho amapulasitiki?
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-17-2022